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Evidence for the Aetiological Theories: Problems During Pregnancy and Birth
2nd trimester viral illnesses (Influenza and possibly also Toxoplasma) are associated with increased risk of developing schizophrenia.
Obstetric problems such as pre-eclampsia, fetal hypoxia and emergency caesarian section also increase risk of schizophrenia. Overall effect size is modest: people with schizophrenia are twice as likely to have a history of these problems compared to the normal population.