Alcohol and Other Drugs


Clinical Presentation

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Dependence on any substance is diagnosed when 3 or more of the following have been present over the past year:

  1. Strong desire to take it
  2. Difficulty controlling use once started
  3. Physiological withdrawal symptoms
  4. Tolerance (need for higher doses to get same effect)
  5. Neglect of other interests
  6. Continued use despite evidence of harm