Summary Statistics: Types of Data Page 1/3
The table below displays a selection of variables from a study dataset.
|
ID |
Age |
Gender |
Height |
Blood group |
LDL† |
Feeling happy? |
Number of children |
Smoke? |
Social class |
|
1 |
25 |
F |
1.62 |
B |
150 |
Agree |
0 |
No |
I |
|
2 |
35 |
F |
1.58 |
O |
123 |
Strongly agree |
1 |
Yes |
II |
|
3 |
44 |
M |
1.35 |
A |
178 |
Disagree |
3 |
Yes |
I |
|
4 |
28 |
F |
1.54 |
AB |
205 |
Disagree |
0 |
No |
III |
|
5 |
35 |
M |
1.35 |
O |
229 |
Indifferent |
2 |
Yes |
I |
|
6 |
42 |
M |
1.21 |
B |
215 |
Agree |
2 |
Yes |
IV |
|
7 |
36 |
F |
1.76 |
A |
130 |
Strongly disagree |
1 |
No |
IV |
|
8 |
38 |
M |
1.57 |
A |
175 |
Disagree |
1 |
Yes |
V |
|
9 |
30 |
M |
1.47 |
AB |
240 |
Indifferent |
0 |
No |
III |
|
10 |
40 |
F |
1.18 |
B |
167 |
Strongly agree |
6 |
No |
I |
|
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
The table below shows three variables that have been transformed or recoded. Age was log-transformed, LDL was put into different groups according to clinical guidelines and Number of children was recoded.
|
ID |
Age |
Ln Age |
LDL |
LDL group |
Number of children |
Number of children group |
|
1 |
25 |
3.22 |
150 |
Borderline high LDL level |
0 |
0-1 |
|
2 |
35 |
3.56 |
123 |
Near optimal LDL level |
1 |
0-1 |
|
3 |
44 |
3.78 |
178 |
High LDL level |
3 |
2+ |
|
4 |
28 |
3.33 |
205 |
Very high LDL level |
0 |
0-1 |
|
5 |
35 |
3.56 |
229 |
Very high LDL level |
2 |
2+ |
|
6 |
42 |
3.74 |
215 |
Very high LDL level |
2 |
2+ |
|
7 |
36 |
3.58 |
130 |
Borderline high LDL level |
1 |
0-1 |
|
8 |
38 |
3.64 |
175 |
High LDL level |
1 |
0-1 |
|
9 |
30 |
3.40 |
240 |
Very high LDL level |
0 |
0-1 |
|
10 |
40 |
3.69 |
167 |
High LDL level |
6 |
2+ |
|
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
The data type of these three newly transformed variables may be different from the original variable.
Welcome to the "Types of Data" quiz. There are 10 questions to answer.
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Q1. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as quantitative variable(s)?
The correct answers are b), d), f) and h). These variables take numerical values only and the values reflect the actual measurement (with units) of the subjects or objects we are measuring.
Q2. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as qualitative variable(s)?
The correct answers are c), e), g), i) and j). These variables are represented by categories and each category represents a particular characteristic of interest within a group of subjects or objects.
Q3. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as continuous variable(s)?
These variables can take any value within a range, including decimal parts. The precision of the measurement will depend on the measuring device used.
Q4. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as discrete variable(s)?
The correct answers are a) and h). These variables take integer values. ID is the subject or case number and Number of Children are counts. Note that there is a different definition for discrete variables in the Statistics for the Terrified package. It consists of nominal, ordinal and count variables. The count variable in the package is equivalent to our definition of a discrete variable. Adopting the definition used by the Statistics for the Terrified would include Gender, Blood group, Feeling happy, Number of children, Smoke, Social class as discrete variables.
Q5. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as ordinal variable(s)?
The correct answers are g) and j). These variables consist of categories that are mutually exclusive and have a ranked order. Thus, for example, the category “strongly agree” may precede “agree”. Note that the “interval” between categories may not be numerically equal.
Q6. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as nominal variable(s)?
The correct answers are c), e) and i). These variables consist of categories that are mutually exclusive but have no ranked order, e.g. Male / Female.
Q7. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as binary variable(s)?
The correct answers are c), and i). These variables consist of categories that are mutually exclusive but have no ranked order, e.g. Male / Female.
Q8. Which of the following key word(s) best describe the type of variable Ln Age?
The correct answers are a), c) and e). After log transforming the numeric, quantitative and continuous variable Age, the characteristics of the variable Ln Age are still numeric, quantitative and continuous since log transformation is in fact rescaling the original scale by a specific factor. The distributions of Age and Ln Age may be different.
Q9. Which of the following key word(s) best describe the type of variable LDL group?
The correct answers are b), d) and g). After categorising the numeric, quantitative and continuous variable LDL according clinical guidelines, the characteristics of the variable LDL group has become categorical, qualitative and ordinal since a category represents a range of values and the categories have a ranked order.
Q10. Which of the following key word(s) best describe the type of variable Number of children group?
The correct answers are b), d), h) and i). After categorising the numeric, quantitative and discrete variable Number of children, the characteristics of the variable Number of children group has become categorical, qualitative, nominal and binary since a category represents a range of values. With only 2 categories, the transformed variable is binary. The ranked order is not important here, hence it is not ordinal, but can be categorised as nominal.
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